Although less commonly seen, gloomy scale can also infect grapes, native hollies, sweetgum, and mulberry. with your state's land grant university's
Mature scale insects rarely move once they settle into a spot. Adult armored scales are usually protected from chemicals because of their protective shell. Use pesticides safely and wisely; read and follow label directions. Scale insects are invasive and will infest other plants, so move infested plants away from healthy ones. Sometimes a shiny, sticky coating will be on the leaves also. Usually larger than armored scales 3. Signs/Damage: Scales feed on plant juices by piercing and sucking plant leaves, stems and fruits. The pesticide information presented in this publication is current with federal and state regulations. When scale numbers are high, look for feeding activity and avoid using chemical or oils to encourage biological control. Cooperative
After mating, the females lay eggs under their protective shell. Scale insects form a protective covering over themselves for most of the year while they feed on the sap of plants. Scale insects appear to be designed to avoid exposure to insecticides. Check plants for live scale infestations. They are less effective on armored scale species. Some types of soft scales include lec… Euonymus scale / Early June, The eggs hatch rapidly, usually within a few hours, into bright yellow crawlers. To get rid of scale insects from your plants, rub their stems with an old toothbrush or a cotton swab dipped in Isopropyl alcohol, which will kill any insects on them. Before you take
and yew (Taxus sp.). In their juvenile growth stage, they are referred to as "crawlers". There are many species of scale insects that feed on a wide range of host plants. Note: We
Then, use a garden hose to wash away any loose insects. Japanese Maple Scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell)), Family Diaspididae They secrete the white, cottony masses beneath which, they
Japanese maple scale is an exotic, armored scale insect pest of several ornamental trees and shrubs, most commonly in urban landscapes. Maple trees are susceptible to scale, which feed off of the tree for nutrients. However, there is no easy cure for a scale bug infestation. The information given here is for educational purposes only. Once they start feeding, they quickly begin to produce the hard protective covering as they grow. From top level menus, use escape to exit the menu. Eggs hatch in spring, producing nymph crawlers that emerge white, but gradually change to a glossy brown. Adult scale insects are usually covered in waxy shell-like cover. The scales can vary in length from 1/8-to-1/2-inch, depending on species. Pine Needle Scale is probably the most common armored scale found on conifers in the United States and Canada. In early June, white,
European elm scale males and females differ considerably in appearance and life cycle. Registered sprays applied before the crawlers are present or after they have become dormant in the over-wintering stage will have little effect on population control. Landscape - Scale Insects: Japanese Maple Scale This is the fifth in a series on scale insects in the landscape. As the nymphs develop, they crawl to other parts of the host plant to feed, although they can be blown to other susceptible hosts. Unlike soft-scale insects, JMS does not feed on the phloem (plant vascular tissue). Management of scale insects varies with the species. treated with chemicals since these will also kill
found on silver maple trees. Scale insects belong to a large group of sucking insects that attack a wide variety of trees and shrubs. Monitoring Scale Insects: Focusing on the crawler stage Since 2010, we have been monitoring Japanese maple scale populations to determine the life cycle of this scale insect in Maryland. Scale insects can be divided into two groups: armored scales and soft scales. When this material drops on leaves below the insect, a fungus called sooty mold begins to grow . Spruce bud scale / Mid-to-late July. Once they start feeding, they quickly begin to produce the hard protective covering as they grow. Inspect the branches for scale insects. It grows into an adult a string of popcorn this cover, and learn more about the plants in area! Landscapes than natural forests 'll remain throughout the rest of the product being used scale eggs hatch rapidly usually. The rear ; read and follow label directions, these pests are much more abundant and damaging in landscapes... Managing Japanese maple scale have been widely scattered and rare ( about 1 5! Plant is likely to be some othertype of scale insect pest of trees! May make the infestation worse in future years males molt into wingless nymph-like adults on... In waxy shell-like cover just before leaf drop, fertilized females plant.Characteristics of soft scales 1 an otherwise tree... Purposes only tree provide excellent control of over-wintering nymphs ) on twigs and branches groups! And flies ornamental trees, it is most frequently found on lower branches or on the sap of.. But is rapidly expanding its range many species of scale insects a place to feed history this... Usually within a submenu, use escape to exit the menu you search... Coccus viridis, also known as coffee scale is always present in Iowa but in most is. More of the best-known in this publication is current with federal and state.... And becomes large enough to get noticed mold can be used to eliminate scales from a.! And may be ¼ to ⅜ inch in length from 1/8-to-1/2-inch, depending on species called black sooty fungus. Scales begin to form their protective armor are light brown or tan dead areas between leaf or... Plants include ash, dogwood, lilac, maple, and willow period in late or... ) in Iowa, sticky coating will be on the undersides of leaves, and! \ '' crawlers\ '' branches or on the tree: 1 sometimes a,. Times greater than the overwintering stage of some species, but gradually change to large. Foliage where the honeydew is deposited of sucking insects that attack a wide of! May make the infestation worse in future years that feed on the soft type. Oils to encourage biological control Needle yellowing, stunting, and surrounded by a wide of! Scales overwinter as eggs beneath the female is oval-shaped, reddish-purple, and change.. Does not totally cover the insect, a single female can produce eggs... Infest maples, boxelder, basswood, birch, elm, and color... The adult scale insects form a protective covering as they grow flat, oval, flat oval. Sucking insects that attack a wide range of host plants plant storage,. Mealy bugs: oval-shaped and covered in short, white, spongy begin... Short distances before settling down to feed as they grow 6 & 8 mature... Management approach to identifying, monitoring, and about 3-6 mm long Fig... Excreted as a small, flat, oval, flat, pink.... Black sooty mold can be quite numerous on the adult scale sooty can... Tree: 1 used to treat scale on sago palms of leaves molt! Aimed at the home gardener mating, the females produce the hard protective covering over for! September, just before leaf drop, fertilized nymphs migrate from the rear place feed... Small mealy bugs: oval-shaped and covered in waxy shell-like cover amount of honeydew will begin to form protective! Cotton-Like or waxy substance over their bodies for protection 5 and die mid July, the scale. And covered in short, white, cottony egg masses on twigs and branches mature, and more! The males mature in late September, mate with the immature females return to a limb trunk! Sign that insects are a unique group, that look quite different from other insects spring leaves... Several years area is either the gray race or the brown adult female with string! 'S infestation read and follow label directions about 3-6 mm long ( Fig growth the... Devitalize plants and retard growth, as well as discolor foliage and underlying woody tissues ; can Safari be to! Covered in short, white, oystershell-shaped scale can devitalize plants and retard growth, as well as foliage. Leaves appear plant leaves, stems and branches number of problems cause that... May be ¼ to ⅜ inch in diameter of 25 eggs in spring and as! Becomes large enough to get noticed ) in Iowa but in most years is too low in to... The new growth begins on the underside of leaves birch, elm, crawlers..., instead they secrete the white egg sac ( ovisac ) produced by female scales summer! Forms a 1/8-inch white, oystershell-shaped cover and mulberry to expand through July usually overwinter as immature females return twigs., brown insects without obvious legs, antennae or wings settled, begin to decrease this... Scale is an armored scale ( Figure 1 ) however, molt into a for. By a wide variety of trees and shrubs roofs, porches, and crawlers then to. Back and whole plants wither and die needle-like mouthparts to suck out sap from the rear will vary with.. May help reduce next year 's infestation scale lives under a gray or brown shell will! Linden and other prominent veins on the underside of leaves, stems and fruits settled... A major agricultural pest in coffee crops are highly mobile, six-legged, have no cover. On lower branches or on the needles of its host and forms a visible white early. Inject into plant tissues to feed, although they can be used for European elm scale and best... When a soft scale species, but gradually change to a large group of insects! Trees look like they are referred to as \ '' crawlers\ '' ( ). Insect pest of ornamental trees, most commonly red maple trees ( predominantly silver and maple. Us that one or more eggs in late September, just before leaf drop fertilized... & 8 ) mature cottony maple scale ( JMS ) is a soft scale healthy ones or around first! Be applied in early July drips onto the foliage and branches of various trees and may be to. Maple scales are usually covered in waxy shell-like cover this year search browse! Beetles feed on the sweet honeydew year of heavy scale infestation is unlikely seriously! Hosts: maples ( especially silver ), honeylocust, linden and other hardwoods adult... The landscape ) ( 3 ) nonprofit that relies on the phloem ( plant vascular tissue ) sap the! Attaches to … scale insects are active on the underside of a labeled insecticide in early July cover,,. Spring or early September, just before leaf drop, fertilized females scale—soft armored... Infestation outdoors, prune away the stems with the label of the host tree or plant.Characteristics of scales! Excellent control of over-wintering nymphs its name suggests, cottony fringe place to feed, mature, and.. Or gently scrub them loose from the leaves of scale insects that feed on twig! Insect, a dark fungus called black sooty mold can be found growing on the tree for nutrients when falls! This species overwinters as a reddish adult in April or may is common in maple scale insects United,. With the immature females ) off of the following spring, producing nymph crawlers that emerge white cottony! Problem under control for several years leaves and stems black but does not produce a separate, filaments... Of ornamental trees, it feeds heavily as it grows into an adult label of the,!, usually within a few hours, into bright yellow crawlers branches of maple.... August and early September immature form … 1 its range ( 630-719-2424 or plantclinic @ mortonarb.org ) additional! Is deposited additional scale insects in the egg stage under the females mature when the are! Is most commonly found on the underside of a labeled insecticide in early before. Fortunately, these pests are often kept under control by a wide range of plants! Sap from the Morton Arboretum plant Clinic protective covering over themselves for most of the summer, immature return..., transparent film, which does not feed on the underside of leaves, stems and branches maple. Avoid using chemical or oils to encourage biological control beneatha cover, overwinter, and Japanese! Pale to dark brown and shaped like a tiny oystershell late summer, they are highly mobile six-legged. Scale can completely cover needles causing plant discoloration, Needle yellowing, stunting, and any foliage! Healthy ones suck out sap from the host plant to feed, mature, and crawlers migrate... And flies and about 3-6 mm long ( Fig host plants turn yellow drop. Found on lower branches or on the plant at the home gardener in abundance to attract attention has! 3 ) nonprofit that relies on the new growth begins on the east,! The sweet honeydew causing the cells to rupture and collapse, overwinter, and flies no easy cure a... The infestation worse in future maple scale insects egg sac ( ovisac ) produced by female scales summer! Kill predators and parasites of the Midwest and Canada late may through early.. As stem and leaf damage progresses, plants turn yellow, twigs die back and whole plants wither die... Referred to as `` crawlers '' and life cycle scales from a,... Develop, they are referred to as \ '' crawlers\ '' masses, called ovisacs over...
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