Compositae Perennial Form / Appearance Dandelion is a widely distributed perennial, herbaceous weed. Forms a deep, thick taproot. Before using any herbicide, carefully review the label for conditions of use including rates, methods of application, and precautions. Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wiggers 1780; Leontodon taraxacum Linnaeus 1753. Mature plants arise from a strong, deep taproot that exudes a milky substance when cut. These balls are usually called "clocks" in both British and American English. You can have each and every copy of the Pitchcare magazine delivered direct to your door for just £30 a year. 893 reports. Herbicides are an effective tool where high quality turf is desired. ssp. Propagation. All leaves originate from a basal rosette. Herbaceous plants are also known as forbs or wildflowers . Common dandelion--the lion's tooth. Close mowing prevents seed head formation, whilst maintaining a dense sward will deter or prevent dandelions from establishing. Taraxacum Species: officinale Family: Asteraceae Uses (Ethnobotany): The root was dried and roasted and used as a coffee alternative during the second world war. Smooth, leafless, succulent and round hollow stem that shows a milky substance when broken. Good soil fertility is essential, maintaining a soil pH of 6.5 to 7. Weeds not only compete for these resources they can disfigure and cause problems to playing surfaces. The dandelion has long, lance-shaped leaves. Latin name: Taraxacum officinale Family: Asteraceae Common name: dandelion Life cycle: perennial, spreading by seed Habit: Dandelion typically forms a prostrate to mounding rosette, usually 8 to 12 inches tall and wide, and usually wider than tall. Leaves remain green year round and exude a milky sap when damaged. College of Agricultural Sciences » Department of Horticulture » Nursery, Greenhouse and Christmas Trees Taraxacum officinale . Life cycle: perennial: Origin: Eurasia: Status: Weedy; Habitat: ... (Taraxacum erythrospermum) that is largely indistinguishable from T. officinale, but several characteristics, all somewhat obscure except one, set them apart. Seedlings appear through the season as well, most often in fall. Plant Names (Nomenclature) Stages of growth from seed to adult plant isolated on white background. Mitich, L. W. 1989. Stems. faceclock. However, they must be applied with care and accuracy and in the context of a good overall turf management program. dandelion. Illustration of herbal, isolated, herb - 138609489 Family: Asteraceae. Read about the Pesticide Safety & Education Program. J. of Hort. Flowers Milky sap when broken. For example, knotweed and plantains both indicate soil compaction because they can maintain adequate root respiration at lower oxygen diffusion levels than other plants. Getting to understand and recognise the physiology of these plants will help you become better turfgrass managers. Identification and Life Cycle. Stems Bright yellow, solitary flower heads consisting of only ray flowers are 1 to 2 inches wide and found at the ends of unbranched, hollow, leafless flowering stalks. Twenty-five percent emergence is … Dandelions have deep tap roots that can penetrate through most soil profiles. Weeds have one of three life cycles: annual; biennial or perennial. Apply selective broadleaf herbicides when plant growth is active. Leaves are oblong to spatula-shaped, ranging from 2 to 10 inches long with deep, backward-pointing lobes. 4. Taraxacum officinale Synonyms Dandelion, Lions Tooth, Blow-ball ID Characteristics Life cycle: Perennial Growth Habit: Basal rosette Propagation: Seed and generation from taproot segments Leaf Margin: Coarsely lobed Leaf Hairs: Generally none Leaf Structure: Lanceolate with irregular lobes Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Dandelion seedling. officinale Show All Show Tabs common dandelion General Information; Symbol: TAOFO Group: Dicot Family: Asteraceae Duration: Perennial: Growth Habit: Forb/herb: Native Status: AK I CAN I GL I HI I L48 I PR I SPM I: Data Source and Documentation: About our new maps. Taraxacum officinale contains chemicals that may increase urine production and decrease pain and swelling. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects, Apomictic (reproduce by seeds formed without sexual fusion). Weeds take valuable space, water, sunlight and nutrients that may otherwise be accessible to important crops, in our case turf grasses. Ensure you follow manufacturer's directions, health & safety and product data sheets, and comply with COSHH regulations, when using these chemicals. Never use an herbicide in any manner contrary to its label and be sure that the herbicide will not injure the turfgrass species. OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Open search box. Taraxacum officinale is found as a weed throughout California and T. californicum, a rare and endangered species, is found in mountain meadows. Preferred Habitat: In every type of soil habitat, prefers sun over shade. Dandelion plant. Scientific Name: Taraxacum officinale. OK, let's get one of the most pressing aspects of Dandelion biology out of the way first, their name. Company number: 3525529 - VAT number: 595495381 - Webpage generated by octavia. Leaves. Weeds can also be used as an indicator of soil conditions. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. Sci. © 2020 Agrovista UK Ltd - Pitchcare.com is a trading name of Agrovista UK Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. Common name: Dandelion. Common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Aster family (Asteraceae) | Wildflowers and Herbs plant group | Also known as Blowball, Faceclock. top. Dandelion flowers are yellow in colour and are formed on a flower spike, the flower turns into a seed head, producing thousands of air/wind borne seeds. Wigg. Family: ASTERACEAE: Species: Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers) Life cycle: Dandelion is a simple perennial. top. The 4-H Name and Emblem have special protections from Congress, protected by code 18 USC 707. Weeds are very good competitors and take advantage of any opportunities to colonise turf situations, particularly when the sward is under stress and weak, leaving bare soil areas for weeds to populate. SPECIES: Taraxacum officinale FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS : Common dandelion is a component of diverse ecosystems in boreal and temperate regions with variable fire regimes. So, lines of the plant grown at high temperature 38°C for two generations (P and F1) and grown stressless in the F2, exhibit 5-fold fitness improvement or reproductive output in the F3 even in the absence of stress treatment, compared with control plants grown under normal temperature of … They are also a strong diuretic used traditionally to relieve water retention caused by heart disease. It is very important to recognise weeds and seek effective controls methods to eradicate them from our facilities. Leaves are oblong to spatula-shaped, ranging from 2 to 10 inches long with deep, backward-pointing lobes. Some weeds may be harmful to the environment or noxious to your regional ecology. on 22 Mar 2004, Weed of the Week: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). The name is derived from its resemblance to a lion's tooth - Dent-de-lion in French. Life Cycle. This plant is characterized by bright yellow heads that turn into round balls of silver tufted seeds with no leaves on the flower stem. Check with your health-care professional before using herbs or herbal supplements. Life Cycle. in Consultancy It is in flower from April to May, and the seeds ripen from May to June. Plants emerge from seed and the root becomes a perennial taproot system that persists over the winter. Dandelion. Life cycle . It has also been used medicinally. Stages of growth from seed to adult plant with flowers. Weed Type: Broadleaf. Light, temperature and duration of storage govern the germination and emergence of Taraxacum officinale seed. Taraxacum officinale is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.5 m (1ft 8in) by 0.3 m (1ft) at a fast rate. Illustration about Life cycle of dandelion plant or taraxacum officinale. Roots Dandelions have deep tap roots that can penetrate through most soil profiles. Dandelion is a widely distributed perennial, herbaceous weed. Mature plants arise from a strong, deep taproot that exudes a milky substance when cut. Description: Dandelion is a tap-rooted perennial that can often behave as an annual. Foliage: foliage is dark green, deeply lobed, and hairless. Ligulate flowers with yellow corollas. Common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a perennial in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). This broadleaf weed prefers open and disturbed areas that receive a lot of sun, such as lawns, gardens, dilapidated meadows, vacant lots and along railroads and roadsides. Dandelions are able to establish in most turf grass situations and on most soil types. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. oblanceolate, deeply toothed, backward pointing teeth or lobes, basal rosette, mid-vein hollow Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. The genus Taraxacum consists of about 40 species worldwide, but only two species are found in California. Dandelions are also a very common site on road side verges. Wigg. Common dandelion is primarily adapted to fire through its prolific production of wind-dispersed seed [ 123 ]. Taraxacum officinale F.H. Illustration about Life cycle of dandelion plant or taraxacum officinale. Care should be taken to ensure that all roots are thoroughly removed. Common Dandelion is a Herb. Aarbok 1923-1924(6): 29. Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers. \"Dandelion\" is an English corruption of the French name for this plant: \"dent de lion\" meaning \"lion's tooth\", a reference to the tooth-like serrations on the plant's leaves. Taraxacum officinale complex is able to rapidly replace a large quantity of leaves relative to other organs during short periods (every 30-50 d) between mowing (Sawada et al., 1982), partly due to increased light availability (von Hofsten, 1954). It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. Habit Germinates or sprouts year round but mainly in fall and spring. These chemicals are best used when the weeds are actively growing, usually between April-October. What is the life cycle of dandelion? Dandelion weeds depend on seed dispersal for reproduction. Life Cycle: Winter perennial. Dandelions can be mechanically or physically removed. It was known as lion's tooth in other Latin based languages in Europe, too, so the English corruption may have evolved separately numerous times.It's scientific name is Taraxacum officinale. top. Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion (often simply called "dandelion"), is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae).. Weeds have many mechanisms and characteristics that enable them to do this, having thick waxy cuticle leaves that can be resistant to some chemicals, fast reproduction methods, the ability to reseed in 6 week cycles and deep tap roots enabling the weed to survive in compacted dry ground conditions. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. Major flower production starts in spring and may last all summer and into fall. All leaves originate from a basal rosette. For questions about accessibility and/or if you need additional accommodations for a specific document, please send an email to ANR Communications & Marketing at anrcommunications@anr.msu.edu. Type: Broadleaf. Mature dandelion seedhead (right). Dandelion leaves are eaten in salads and are an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. The common dandelion is well known for its yellow flower heads that turn into round balls of silver-tufted fruits that disperse in the wind. The above ground parts are used as natural herbal supplements and for many conditions. All leaves are basal, ranging from 50-300mm in length. This week's weed is: Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion). Leaves . By definition a weed is a plant that is growing in the wrong place. Reproducing only by seed. Latin name: Taraxacum officinale F.H. Life Cycle: Perennial with flower production in spring and less so throughout summer. Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) About Common Dandelion. Dandelion populations have become significant in recent years , especially on local authority playing pitches, where little or no herbicide treatments have been applied. The seed is enclosed in a single-seeded, wind-disseminated fruit that forms in a globe-shaped collection. common dandelion. Different weeds tolerate different soil conditions, some are alkaline loving and others acid loving. Rosette-forming simple perennial. Life cycle Taraxacum officinale. by Laurence Gale MSc Perennial. Edibility: There is little evidence that it is effective for any condition. The yellow flower dies down to leave ripened seeds that are enclosed singly within fruiting bodies and are attached to a long slender stalk that terminates in a parachute-like structure called a pappus. Yellow ray flowers borne on leafless, hollow stalks. Illustration of bloom, growth, ground - 138609533 Leaves occur in a basal rosette, are oblong-lanceolate, and deeply-lobed with the lobes often pointing back towards the base. Leaves remain green year round and exude a milky sap when damaged. Vegetative stems are not visible aboveground. For example Japanese Knot weed (Fallopia Japonica) is fast becoming a major weed problem on road side verges and urban landscape areas, a very difficult weed to eradicate. This information is for educational purposes only. Life Cycle: Perennial. 71(3):373-377. Common Name: Dandelion. These herbicides are usually applied as a liquid using watering cans, knapsack sprayers and vehicle mounted sprayers. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. Leaves are oblong in outline, sometimes sparsely hairy, deeply indented with lobes that point toward the centre of the rosette. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Leaves in a … Taraxacum officinale is a plant. Leaf margins are noticeably wavy, especially on older leaves. 1925. Perennial; rosette of leaves 3- to 10-inches long with a high degree of leaf variability ranging from deeply cut to almost entire. Herbs are broad-leaved, herbaceous (non-woody) plant. Flower: each flower head is composed of many small yellow ray flowers. Life Cycle: Perennial Country Or Region Of Origin: Eurasia Wildlife Value: Flowers provide nectar to pollinators and bees. Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, also known as lion's tooth, puffball, blowball, and monk's head, is a major problem in home lawns, commercial turf, ornamental plantings, pastures, and tree and vine crops. Yellow flower head of dandelion (left). There are a number of products available for controlling broad leaf weeds in established turf. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. What is a weed? Emergence: Dandelion emerges late from seed. blowball. Taraxacum pannucium Taraxacum pannucium Dahlstedt, Bergens Mus. : Common Name: COMMON DANDELION: Plant Notes: Kirschner & Stepánek (2011) selected an uncited lectotype annotated by Linnaeus that is more congruent with the basionym protologue and current usage of T. officinale (T. sect. Deep taproot that exudes a milky sap when damaged with flower production in spring and may last all and! Label and be taraxacum officinale life cycle that the herbicide will not injure the turfgrass species herbaceous ( non-woody ) plant will or... The common dandelion is primarily adapted to fire through its prolific production of wind-dispersed seed [ 123 ] 50-300mm. 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